QUANTUM METROLOGY AND SCIENTIFICMETROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TRANSITION TO THE NEW SI UNIT SYSTEM (2019)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17447479Keywords:
Quantum metrology, SI unit system, fundamental constants, measurement standards, Planck constant, Boltzmann constant, elementary charge, Avogadro constant, metrological traceability, quantum phenomenaAbstract
This article analyzes the fundamental redefinition of the International System of Units (SI) implemented in 2019
from the perspective of quantum metrology. The research examines the scientific-metrological aspects of transitioning
to the new SI unit system, the development of standards based on quantum phenomena, and the challenges arising in
practical implementation. The article investigates the fundamental principles of quantum metrology, the new definitions
of the kilogram, kelvin, ampere, and mole, as well as the impact of these changes on scientific and technical fields.
The research results demonstrate the advantages, limitations, and future development prospects of the new SI system.
The transition represents a paradigm shift from artifact-based standards to fundamental constants of nature, ensuring
unprecedented accuracy and universal reproducibility in measurement science.
References
Newell, D.B., Cabiati, F., Fischer, J., Fujii, K., Karshenboim, S.G., Margolis, H.S., ... & Zhang, Z. (2018). The CODATA
values of h, e, k, and N_A for the revision of the SI. Metrologia, 55(1), L13. DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/aa950a
Davis, R.S. (2003). The SI unit of mass. Metrologia, 40(6), 299-305. DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/40/6/001
Mills, I.M., Mohr, P.J., Quinn, T.J., Taylor, B.N., & Williams, E.R. (2006). Redefinition of the kilogram, ampere, kelvin
and mole: a proposed approach to implementing CIPM recommendation 1 (CI-2005). Metrologia, 43(3), 227-246. DOI:
1088/0026-1394/43/3/006
Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S., & Maccone, L. (2011). Advances in quantum metrology. Nature Photonics, 5(4), 222-229.
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.35
Stock, M., Davis, R., de Mirandés, E., & Milton, M.J. (2019). The revision of the SI—the result of three decades of
progress in metrology. Metrologia, 56(2), 022001. DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ab0013
Mills, I.M., Mohr, P.J., Quinn, T.J., Taylor, B.N., & Williams, E.R. (2005). Redefinition of the kilogram: a decision whose
time has come. Metrologia, 42(2), 71-80. DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/001
Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S., & Maccone, L. (2006). Quantum metrology. Physical Review Letters, 96(1), 010401. DOI:
1103/PhysRevLett.96.010401
Ludlow, A.D., Boyd, M.M., Ye, J., Peik, E., & Schmidt, P.O. (2015). Optical atomic clocks. Reviews of Modern Physics,
(2), 637-701. DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.87.637
Kibble, B.P. (1976). A measurement of the gyromagnetic ratio of the proton by the strong field method. Atomic Masses
and Fundamental Constants, 5, 545-551. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2682-3_80
Schlamminger, S., Haddad, D., Seifert, F., Chao, L.S., Newell, D.B., Liu, R., ... & Zhang, Z. (2014). Determination of
the Planck constant using a watt balance with a superconducting magnet system at the National Institute of Standards
and Technology. Metrologia, 51(2), S15-S24. DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/51/2/S15
Fujii, K., Bettin, H., Becker, P., Massa, E., Rienitz, O., Pramann, A., ... & Zhang, L. (2016). Realization of the kilogram
by the XRCD method. Metrologia, 53(5), A19-A45. DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/A19
Andreas, B., Azuma, Y., Bartl, G., Becker, P., Bettin, H., Borys, M., ... & Zhang, L. (2011). Determination of the
Avogadro constant by counting the atoms in a 28Si crystal. Physical Review Letters, 106(3), 030801. DOI: 10.1103/
PhysRevLett.106.030801
Fischer, J., Fellmuth, B., Gaiser, C., Zandt, T., Pitre, L., Sparasci, F., ... & Rusby, R. (2018). The Boltzmann project.
Metrologia, 55(2), R1-R20. DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/aaa790
Gavioso, R.M., Benedetto, G., Albo, P.A.G., Lago, S., Madonna Ripa, D., Fernicola, V., & Girard, F. (2015). A
determination of the molar gas constant R by acoustic thermometry in helium. Metrologia, 52(5), S274-S304. DOI:
1088/0026-1394/52/5/S274
Pekola, J.P., Vartiainen, J.J., Möttönen, M., Saira, O.P., Meschke, M., & Averin, D.V. (2008). Hybrid single-electron
transistor as a source of quantized electric current. Nature Physics, 4(2), 120-124. DOI: 10.1038/nphys808
Janssen, T.J.B.M., Rozhko, S., Antonov, I., Tzalenchuk, A., Williams, J.M., Melhem, Z., ... & Yager, T. (2012). Operation
of graphene quantum Hall resistance standard in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator. 2D Materials, 2(3), 035015. DOI:
1088/2053-1583/2/3/035015
